4.1 History of
Novel
BRAINSTORMING
(1) Match the columns:
|
A |
B |
|
(a) Murasaki Shikibu |
(1) Cervantes |
|
(b) Novella |
(2) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya |
|
(c) Don Quixote |
(3) Tale of Genji |
|
(d) Rajmohan’s Wife |
(4) New |
Ans:-
|
A |
B |
|
(a) Murasaki Shikibu |
(3) Tale
of Genji |
|
(b) Novella |
(4) New |
|
(c) Don Quixote |
(1)
Cervantes |
|
(d) Rajmohan’s Wife |
(2) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya |
(2) Pick out the odd element from
the group.
(i) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar.
Ans:- Graham Greene
(i) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar.
Ans:- Graham Greene
(He
was an English novelist; the others are Indian writers)
(ii) Place, Period, Theme,
Climate, Lifestyle.
Ans:- Theme (the others are
aspects of the setting)
(iii) Theme,
Plot, Character, Novella.
Ans:- Novella
(‘Novella’ is a ‘novel’;
the others are the elements of a novel)
(3) Complete the following statements:
(i) The two types of conflicts
that the plot may have are......................
Ans:- internal (inside the mind
of the character) or external (with other characters or
entities).
(ii) The word ‘picaresque’ is
originated from...............
Ans:- the Spanish word
‘picaro’, which means a rogue.
(iii) The epistolary novel
presents the narrative through...................................
Ans:- a series of
correspondence or other documents like letters or diary entries.
(iv) In the eighteenth century
middle class could get the time for reading and discussing
the novels because..........................
Ans:- the spread of machines
helped them in their work and could provide them with some
spare time.
(4) Write short notes on:
(i) Style of the novel-
Ans:- The language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events is known as the 'style'. An author can use extensive vocabulary and difficult phrases or he may be brief and could write only to the point or he may mix both according to the requirement of his story. He may use linguistic devices like figures of speech to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide the texture' of the narration and create an impact on the readers.
(i) Style of the novel-
Ans:- The language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of the course of events is known as the 'style'. An author can use extensive vocabulary and difficult phrases or he may be brief and could write only to the point or he may mix both according to the requirement of his story. He may use linguistic devices like figures of speech to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide the texture' of the narration and create an impact on the readers.
(ii) Stream of consciousness
novel-
Ans:- The
phrase ‘Stream of consciousness’ means the flow of thoughts in the minds of the
characters. This phrase was coined by William James in his treatise ‘Principles
of Psychology’ in (1890). In such a novel, incidents in the plot are in the
sequence of their occurrence. The novelist narrates them just as they occur in
the minds of the characters. Sometimes they do not make sense; but they
truthfully represent the thoughts without any censoring or editing.
(iii) Novella-
Ans:- The
word Novella' which means new is originated from the Italian word 'novelle'. A
Novella is a type of prose fiction which is shorter than a full length novel
and longer than short stories. It is a well-structured yet short narrative,
often satiric or realistic in tone. Novella usually focuses on one incident or
issue with one or two main characters and takes place at a single location.
Given below are some of the famous novellas in English:
(1) ‘The Heart of Darkness' by Joseph Conrad. (2) ‘The Turn of the Screw’ by Henry James.
(3) 'Billy Budd' by Hermann Melville. (4) 'Death in Venice’ by Thomas Mann.
(5) 'Seize The Day' by Saul Bellow. (6) ‘Pearl' by John Steinbeck.
(iv) Indian tradition of
novels-
Ans:- Indians have also played a major role in the
writing of English Novels. ‘Rajmohan's Wife', by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
was the first novel in English written by an Indian. The period after that is
marked by a few more novels written by Indian writers. These novels were based
on either nationalistic virtues or social issues. Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan
and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the period after that.
Novelists like Anita Desai, Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar
changed the current of Indian English novel through their works. Amitav Ghosh,
Vikram Seth and Upamanyu Chatterjee improved upon the Indian novel in English
by adding new features to it. In recent years, Indian novelists like Salman Rushdie,
Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Kiran Nagarkar have come into the
limelight. The tradition of the Indian English novel has undergone a vital change
since its birth and has undoubtedly a very bright future.
Various
Activities
(1) Pick out the statements that are False. Write
them correctly:
(1) Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(2) The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘novella’ in the story.
(1) Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(2) The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘novella’ in the story.
(3) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story is called 'conflict’.
(4) Theme is the central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a
nutshell.
(5) The plot and character are affected due to the setting.
(6) ‘Plot' is the narrative style of the author.
Ans:- False statements:
(1) Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(2) The main character in the story is referred to as the 'novella'.
(6) ‘Plot' is the narrative style of the author.
Corrected statements:
(1) Characterization describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(6) ‘Plot' is the narrative style of the author.
Ans:- False statements:
(1) Setting describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(2) The main character in the story is referred to as the 'novella'.
(6) ‘Plot' is the narrative style of the author.
Corrected statements:
(1) Characterization describes the behaviour of the characters in the story.
(2) The main character in the story is referred to as the ‘protagonist’.
(6) Plot is the course of events that make up the theme.
(6) Plot is the course of events that make up the theme.
(2) Rewrite the following statements in
chronological order:
(1) Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the
(1) Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who prevailed in the
period after that.
(2) The novel originated as the literary form in England.
(3) Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled
(3) Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai have dazzled
with their writing.
(4) Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became
famous.
Ans:-
(2) The novel originated as the literary form
in England.
(4) Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous.
(4) Many stalwart novelists such as Charles Dickens, Walter Scott became famous.
(1) Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the major trio who
prevailed in the
period after that.
(3) Indian novelists like Arvind Adiga. Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai
have dazzled
with their writing.
(3) List the types of novels:
Ans: The types of novels
are: Realistic Novel, Picaresque Novel, Historical Novel, Epistolary Novel,
Gothic Novel, Autobiographical Novel, Allegorical Novel, Utopian/Dystopian
Novel, Psychological Novel, Stream of Consciousness Novel and Bildungsroman
Novel.
(4) Choose the correct options from
the brackets and fill in the blanks:
(The answers are given directly
and underlined.)
Ans: -
(1) The characters in the Realistic
novel interact with other characters and undergo
plausible and everyday experiences (Realistic/ Utopian)
(2) A Picaresque novel narrates the adventures of the protagonist,
who is an eccentric
or a disreputable person, in an episodic
form (Picaresque/ Realistic)
(3) The Dystopian
novel is about an imaginary community or society possessing
the ideal qualities.
(Dystopian/ Picaresque)
(4) In the Stream of
Consciousness, novel the novelist narrates the character's thoughts
as
they enter the mind of the character. (Stream of
Consciousness/ Utopian)
(5) The Bildungsroman
novel is a fictional biography or autobiography which is
concerned with the
growth of the protagonist’s mind, spirit
and character from
childhood to adulthood. (Bildungsroman/ Gothic)
(6) The Gothic novel
includes terror, mystery, horror, thriller, supernatural, doom,
death or decay
or haunted buildings. (Dystopian/ Gothic)
(5) Complete the activities given
below:-
(i) Give one word for:-
(a) A long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experiences in a prose form
(i) Give one word for:-
(a) A long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experiences in a prose form
is..............
Ans:- Novel
(b) A collect ion of tales that was popular from second to sixth century is known
Ans:- Novel
(b) A collect ion of tales that was popular from second to sixth century is known
as....................
Ans:- Greek Romances
ii) Write a short note on Novel:-
Ans:- A novel gained its prominence in the eighteenth century. It is a long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experiences in a prose form. The word novel is derived from the Italian word 'novella’ meaning ‘new’. A novel narrates a story embellishing it with more details of time, place, nature, people and their minds. Novel reflects the picture of the society of that time. Novel as a literary genre has a history of two thousand years.
Ans:- Greek Romances
ii) Write a short note on Novel:-
Ans:- A novel gained its prominence in the eighteenth century. It is a long narrative fiction which describes intimate human experiences in a prose form. The word novel is derived from the Italian word 'novella’ meaning ‘new’. A novel narrates a story embellishing it with more details of time, place, nature, people and their minds. Novel reflects the picture of the society of that time. Novel as a literary genre has a history of two thousand years.
(6) Complete the activities given
below.
(i) Match the pairs:-
(ii) In your words explain the social change that occurred in 18th century.
Ans:- Eighteenth century marked the beginning of many things. Newspaper and magazine attracted a large number of middle class readers. These new readers had no interest in romances and tragedies. The upper class appreciated romances and tragedies. Thus, there was a clear divide in the choice of literature. Spirit of realism and denial of romantic features like enthusiasm, passion and imagination marked the social change.
|
|
Column
A |
|
Column
B |
|
(a) |
Murasaki Shikibu |
(i) |
Don Quixote |
|
(b) |
Miguel de Cervantes |
(ii) |
Tate of Genji |
|
(c) |
Geoffrey Chaucer |
(iii) |
Morte De Arthur |
|
(d) |
Malory |
(iv) |
The Canterbury Tales |
Ans:-
|
|
Column
A |
|
Column
B |
|
(a) |
Murasaki Shikibu |
(ii) |
Tate of Genji |
|
(b) |
Miguel de Cervantes |
(i) |
Don Quixote |
|
(c) |
Geoffrey Chaucer |
(iv) |
The Canterbury Tales |
|
(d) |
Malory |
(iii) |
Morte De Arthur |
(ii) In your words explain the social change that occurred in 18th century.
Ans:- Eighteenth century marked the beginning of many things. Newspaper and magazine attracted a large number of middle class readers. These new readers had no interest in romances and tragedies. The upper class appreciated romances and tragedies. Thus, there was a clear divide in the choice of literature. Spirit of realism and denial of romantic features like enthusiasm, passion and imagination marked the social change.
(7) Complete the activities given
below.
(i) Name the authors of the following books.
(a) The Pilgrim's Progress
Ans: John Bunyan
(b) Oroonoku
Ans: Aphra Behn
(c) Robinson Crusoe
Ans: Daniel Defoe
(d) Gulliver's Travels
Ans: Jonathan Swift
(i) Name the authors of the following books.
(a) The Pilgrim's Progress
Ans: John Bunyan
(b) Oroonoku
Ans: Aphra Behn
(c) Robinson Crusoe
Ans: Daniel Defoe
(d) Gulliver's Travels
Ans: Jonathan Swift
(ii) Enlist any ten names of the authors mentioned in the passage.
Ans:
(1) John Bunyan (2) Aphra Behn (3) Daniel Defoe (4) Jonathan Swift
(5)
Samuel Richardson (6) Henry Fielding (7) Lawrence Sterne
(8) Tobias Smollett (9) Charles Dickens (10) Walter Scott
(iii) Write a short note on Contribution of Women Novelists.
Ans: Many women novelists emerged during 18th century. ‘Evelina' was the novel of manners by Franc Burney. ‘Frankenstein’ and Gothic novels by Ann Radcliffe took the concept to new heights. ‘Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley is considered to be one of the land mark novels of the times. Jane Austen ruled the minds of the people through her style of narration. Bronte sisters, Emily and Charlotte created their place by their incomparable works ‘The Wuthering Heights’ and ‘Jane Eyre’.
Ans: Many women novelists emerged during 18th century. ‘Evelina' was the novel of manners by Franc Burney. ‘Frankenstein’ and Gothic novels by Ann Radcliffe took the concept to new heights. ‘Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley is considered to be one of the land mark novels of the times. Jane Austen ruled the minds of the people through her style of narration. Bronte sisters, Emily and Charlotte created their place by their incomparable works ‘The Wuthering Heights’ and ‘Jane Eyre’.
Que. Types of novels
Ans.
1) Realistic Novel 2) Picaresque Novel 3) Historical Novel
4) Epistolary Novel 5) Gothic Novel 6) Autobiographical Novel
7) Allegorical Novel 8) Utopian/ Dystopian Novel 9) Psychological
Novel
10) Stream of Consciousness
Novel 11) Bildungsroman Novel
Que. Aspects of
Setting
Ans.
1) Place 2) Period 3) Time 4) Lifestyle 5) Climate /Weather
Que. Women Novelists
Ans.
1) Frances Burney 2) Aphra Behn 3) Ann Radcliffe 4) Mary Shelley
5) Jane Austen 6) Emily Bronte 7) Charlotte Bronte 8) Mary Ann Evans
9) Virginia Woolf 10) Agatha Christie 11) Harper Lee
12) Margaret Atwood 13) Toni Morrison 14) Alice Walker
Activity Sheet
No.1
Q. Write answers as per the suggestions.
A1. Match the columns:
|
A |
B |
|
(a) Murasaki Shikibu |
(1) Cervantes |
|
(b) Novella |
(2) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
|
|
(c) Don Quixote |
(3) Tale of Genji |
|
(d) Rajmohan's Wife |
(4) New |
|
A |
B |
|
(a) Murasaki Shikibu |
(3) Tale of Genji |
|
(b) Novella |
(4) New |
|
(c) Don Quixote |
(1) Cervantes |
|
(d) Rajmohan's Wife |
(2) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
|
A2. Write a short note on - ‘Stream of
consciousness novel’:
Ans: Stream of
consciousness is a phrase coined by William James in his treatise ‘Principles
of Psychology’ in 1890. It is a method of narration that describes happenings
in the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters. Incidents in the plot
are in the sequence of their occurrences. The novelist narrates them as they
enter the mind of the character. The stream-of-consciousness novel commonly
uses the narrative techniques of interior monologue.
A1. Complete the following statements:
(i) The two types of
conflicts that the plot may have are ……………
(ii) The word 'picaresque' is originated from ………………………..
(iii) The epistolary novel presents the narrative through
……………
(iv) In the eighteenth century middle class could get the time for reading and discussing the
novels because
…………………...
(i) The two
types of conflicts that the plot may have are internal (inside the mind
of the
character) and external (with other characters or
entities).
(ii) The word 'picaresque’
is originated from the Spanish word ‘Picaro’, which means a
rogue.
(iii) The epistolary
novel presents the narrative through a series of correspondence or
other
documents.
(iv) In the
eighteenth century middle class could get the time for reading and discussing
the
novels because the spread
of machines provide the time.
A2. Write short note on - Style of the novel:
Ans: The
language and the techniques used by the author for the narration of the course
of events is known as the 'style’. An author can use extensive vocabulary and
high phrases or he may be laconic and would write only to the point or he may
mix both according to the requirement for meeting his purpose. He may use
linguistic devices to make the narrative effective. All these factors decide
the ‘texture’ of the narration and create an impact on the readers. It is
called the style of the novel.
A1. Match the novel and novelist. (2)
|
Novel |
Novelist |
|
1) Virgil |
a) Morte De Arthur |
|
2) Malory |
b) Ecologues |
|
3) Daniel Defoe |
c) Oroonoku |
|
4) Aphra Behn |
d) Robinson Crusoe |
|
Novel |
Novelist |
|
1) Virgil |
b) Ecologues |
|
2) Malory |
a) Morte De Arthur |
|
3) Daniel Defoe |
d) Robinson Crusoe |
|
4) Aphra Behn |
c) Oroonoku |
Ans: The word
'novella’ is originated from the Italian word 'novelle'. It is a type of prose
fiction which is shorter than a full length novel and longer than short
stories. It is a well-structured yet short narrative. It is often satiric or
realistic in tone. It usually focuses on one incident or issue with one or two
main characters and takes place at a single tradition.
A1. Rewrite the statements and state whether
they are true or false.
1) Stream of consciousness is a term/a phrase coined by R.K. Narayan.
2) The realistic novel is the novel based on the life of the author.
3) The word 'picaresque’ is originated from the Spanish word ‘picaro’, which means
1) Stream of consciousness is a term/a phrase coined by R.K. Narayan.
2) The realistic novel is the novel based on the life of the author.
3) The word 'picaresque’ is originated from the Spanish word ‘picaro’, which means
a rogue.
4) The German word 'bildungsroman’ indicates growth.
4) The German word 'bildungsroman’ indicates growth.
Ans:
1) Stream of consciousness
is a term / a phrase coined by William James. - True
2) The
autobiographical novel is the novel based on the life of the author. - True
3) The word
"picaresque' is originated from the Spanish word 'picaro, which means a
rogue.
- False
4) The German word
'bildungsroman' indicates growth. - False
A2. Write short notes on - Epistolary novel:
Ans: The word
'epistolary' is derived from the Latin word 'epistola’, which means a letter.
The epistolary novel is that in which the writer presents the narrative through
a series of letters or other documents. Although letters are the most common
basis for epistolary novel, diary entries are also a popular form of this type.
e.g. Pamela (By Samuel Richardson), Diary of a Young Girl (By Anne Frank) etc.
Activity Sheet
No.5
A1. Match the novel and novelist.
|
Novelist |
Novel |
|
1) Jonathan Swift |
a) Frankenstein |
|
2) Samuel Richardson |
b) Evelina |
|
3) Mary Shelley |
c) Gulliver's Travels |
|
4) Frances Burney |
d) Pamela |
|
Novelist |
Novel |
|
1) Jonathan Swift |
c) Gulliver's Travels |
|
2) Samuel Richardson |
d) Pamela |
|
3) Mary Shelley |
a) Frankenstein |
|
4) Frances Burney |
b) Evelina |
Ans: Psychological
novel is the work of fiction that treats the internal life of the protagonist
or even the other characters as much as the external factors. It is also called
psychological realism. It is a work of prose fiction which places more than the
usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization and on the motives,
circumstances and internal action which springs from, and develops external action.
e.g. 'Great Expectations' by Charles Dickens.
Activity Sheet No.6
A1. Pick out the odd element from the group.
(i) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar
(ii) Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Lifestyle
(iii) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella
(iv) Billy Budd, The turn Of the Screw, Pearl, Joseph Conrad, Death in Venice
(ii) Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Lifestyle
(iii) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella
(iv) Billy Budd, The turn Of the Screw, Pearl, Joseph Conrad, Death in Venice
Ans: Odd elements are
as follow:-
(i) Graham Greene
(ii) Theme
(iii) Novella
(iv) Joseph Conrad
A2. Write a short note on - Indian tradition of novels:
Ans: Rajmohan's
Wife' by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya was the first novel in English written
by an Indian. The period after that is marked by few more novels written by the
Indian writers. These novels bore either nationalistic virtues or social issues
as their main framework. Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan and Raja Rao were the
major trio who prevailed in the period after that. Novelists like Anita Desai, Nayantara
Sahgal, Arun Joshi and Manohar Malgaonkar changed the current of Indian English
novel through their works. Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth and Upamanyu Chatterjee changed
the Indian novel in English by adding new features to it. Recent years have
witnessed the dazzling performance by Indian novelists like Salman Rushdie, Arvind
Adiga, Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai and Kiran Nagarkar. The tradition of Indian
English novel has undergone a vital change since its birth and it has
undoubtedly very bright future.
Activity Sheet
No.7
A1. Fill in the blanks with the right words
and rewrite the sentences.
1) There are ------------- elements essential of 'Novel' or
"Novella'. (five, six, seven)
2) Theme is the ------------ in the novel which can be expressed
in a nutshell.
(central idea, setting,
plot)
3) In the first half of the 20th century a cult of
‘------------- magazines’ became popular. (amazing, pulp, powerful)
4) Space travel, time travel, and extraterrestrial life may be
seen in ------------- fiction.
(historical,
gothic, science)
Ans:
1) There are six
elements essential of 'Novel or "Novella'.
2) Theme is the central
idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell.
3) In the first
half of the 20th century a cult of 'pulp magazines'
became popular.
4) Space travel,
time travel, and extraterrestrial life may be seen in science
fiction.
Ans: The
autobiographical novel is the novel based on the life of the author. However,
the author changes the places and names of characters or even may change or avoid
certain details of his life. It may or may not be in the first person
narration. e.g. David Copperfield by Charles Dickens.
A1. Match the column 'A’ with 'B'
|
A |
B |
|
1) Theme |
a) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story.
|
|
2) Style |
b) The background in which the story takes
place. |
|
3) Setting |
c) The central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell.
|
|
4) Conflict |
d) The language and the techniques used for the narration of the course of events.
|
|
A |
B |
|
1) Theme |
c) The central idea in the novel which can be expressed in a nutshell.
|
|
2) Style |
d) The language and the techniques used for the narration of the course of events.
|
|
3) Setting |
b) The background in which the story takes
place. |
|
4) Conflict
|
a) The struggle between the opposite forces in the story.
|
Ans: The
novels that include terror, mystery, horror, thriller, supernatural, doom,
death or decay or haunted buildings are called ‘The Gothic novels’. It is a
genre associated with the mystery and intrigue surrounding the supernatural and
the unknown. Characteristics of the Gothic include: death and decay, haunted
homes/castles, family curses, madness, powerful love/romance, ghosts and
vampires. e.g. Dracula by Bram Stoker.
Activity Sheet
No.9
A1. Rewrite the sentences selecting correct
alternative.
1) The novel Rajmohan's Wife' is written by ---------------------
a) Mulkraj Anand b) R.K. Narayan
c) Raja Rao d) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
2) The essential elements of novel are theme, plot, character, setting, style and -----------
a) surprise b) suspense c) conflict d) secrecy
3) ‘Tale of Genji’ has been described as the world's
-------------- novel.
a) first b) second c) third d) biggest
4) A novel is -------------------------------------------
a) a relatively long
narrative fiction. b) a long verse.
c) a long dramatic work having
acts.
Ans:
1) The novel
'Rajmohan's Wife' is written by - Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya.
2) The essential
elements of novel are theme, plot, character, setting, style and - conflict.
3) ‘Tale of Genji'
has been described as the world's - first novel.
4) A novel is - a
relatively long narrative fiction.
Ans: Utopia is
an imaginary community or society possessing the ideal qualities. It is a
common literary theme, especially in science fiction or speculative fiction. Both
utopias and dystopias share characteristics of science fiction and fantasy and
both are usually set in a future in which technology has been used to create
perfect living conditions. However, the focus of the novel is usually not on
the technology itself but rather on the psychology and emotions of the
characters who live under such conditions. e.g. 'Gulliver's Travels' by
Jonathan Swift.
Que. Complete the activities given below as per the
instructions. (4 Marks)
b) Novel and drama
c) Poetry and novel
d) Novel and periodical essays
Ans: d) Novel and periodical essays
1. Choose the correct alternative and rewrite the
sentence:
i. Eighteenth century gifted mankind with………………………
a) Drama and poetryb) Novel and drama
c) Poetry and novel
d) Novel and periodical essays
Ans: d) Novel and periodical essays
ii. Novel soon became dominant literary genre as it ……………
a) Helped people to live a more purposeful life.
b) Caught the intellectual, sentimental and realistic spirit.
c) Grew gradually and gained popularity.
d) All of these.
Ans: d) All of these.
a) Helped people to live a more purposeful life.
b) Caught the intellectual, sentimental and realistic spirit.
c) Grew gradually and gained popularity.
d) All of these.
Ans: d) All of these.
iii. Indian writers in English Novel initially wrote
about the theme of …………
a) Domestic violence.
b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
c) Scientific theories.
d) Psychological insights.
Ans: b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
a) Domestic violence.
b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
c) Scientific theories.
d) Psychological insights.
Ans: b) Nationalistic and Social virtues.
iv. Gothic novel contains ….................................................
a) Terror and supernatural.
b) Mystery and thriller.
c) Horror and haunted buildings.
d) All of these.
Ans: d) All of these.
a) Terror and supernatural.
b) Mystery and thriller.
c) Horror and haunted buildings.
d) All of these.
Ans: d) All of these.
v. Strike out the unnecessary.
Detective fiction is ………………………………………………
a) A sub-genre of crime fiction.
b) Agatha Christie mastered the art of crime fiction.
c) Detectives can be professional or amateur.
d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person.
Ans: d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person.
2. Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative.
i) A novel is relatively ……………….. narrative.
(Short / long /descriptive)
Ans: A novel is relatively a long narrative.
Detective fiction is ………………………………………………
a) A sub-genre of crime fiction.
b) Agatha Christie mastered the art of crime fiction.
c) Detectives can be professional or amateur.
d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person.
Ans: d) Protagonist is a necessarily an eccentric person.
2. Fill in the blanks by choosing correct alternative.
i) A novel is relatively ……………….. narrative.
(Short / long /descriptive)
Ans: A novel is relatively a long narrative.
ii) English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word ………
(Novella, Novelle, Novellus)
Ans: English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word Novella.
Ans: English word ‘Novel’ is derived from the Italian word Novella.
iii) Geoffrey Chaucer wrote ……………………………
(Morte De Arthur, The Canterbury
Tales, Tale of Genji)
Ans: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
Ans: Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales.
iv) “The Tale of Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu was published in the
year -…………
(1010, 1605, 1050, 1600)
Ans: “The Tale of
Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu was published in the year -1010.
v) ‘The Pilgrims Progress’ is a Novel written by …………………
(John Bunyan, Aphra Behn, Daniel
Defoe)
Ans: ‘The Pilgrims Progress’ is a Novel written by John Bunyan.
Ans: ‘The Pilgrims Progress’ is a Novel written by John Bunyan.
vi) ………………… is the pioneer of the ‘Stream of Consciousness’ novel.
(Agatha Christie, Jane Austen,
Virginia Woolf)
Ans: Virginia Woolf is the pioneer of the ‘Stream of Consciousness’ novel.
vii) The first Indian English novel ‘Rajmohan’s wife’ was written by ………
vii) The first Indian English novel ‘Rajmohan’s wife’ was written by ………
(Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan,
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya)
Ans: The first Indian
English novel ‘Rajmohan’s wife’ was written by Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyaya.
viii) Joseph Conrad wrote the novella named as …………………
(Billy Budd, The Heart of
Darkness, Pearl)
Ans: Joseph Conrad wrote the novella named as The Heart of Darkness.
Ans: Joseph Conrad wrote the novella named as The Heart of Darkness.
ix) Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with ……
(Futuristic settings, death and
decay, earlier period than of writing)
Ans: Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with Futuristic settings.
Ans: Science fiction is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with Futuristic settings.
x) The famous trio of Indian writers is ………………………………
(Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan,
Raja Rao / Amitav Ghosh, Manohar Malgaonkar,
Mulkraj Anand / Amitav Ghosh, R. K. Narayan, Arvind
Adiga)
Ans: The famous trio of Indian writers is Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan, Raja Rao.
3. Chronological Order
i. Write in chronological order
a) Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale of Genji
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
Ans: The famous trio of Indian writers is Mulkraj Anand, R. K. Narayan, Raja Rao.
3. Chronological Order
i. Write in chronological order
a) Murasaki Shikibu’s Tale of Genji
c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers
d) Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales
ii. Write in chronological order
a) Industrial Revolution
b) Drama and Poetry started fading away
c) Novel gained popularity
d) The rise of middle class
Ans: Correct chronological order - a, d, b, c
a) Industrial Revolution
b) Drama and Poetry started fading away
c) Novel gained popularity
d) The rise of middle class
Ans: Correct chronological order - a, d, b, c
iii. Given below are some novels, events and writers of
Indian English. Arrange them in chronological order.
a) Rise of famous Indian Trio
b) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar
c) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar
d) Rajmohan’s Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Ans: Correct chronological order - d, a, b, c
a) Rise of famous Indian Trio
b) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar
c) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar
d) Rajmohan’s Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
Ans: Correct chronological order - d, a, b, c
iv. Given below are some Novels in English literature. Arrange
them in their order of their appearance.
a) The Pilgrim’s Progress and Oroonoku
b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur
c) Pamela and Gulliver’s Travels
d) The Tale of Genji and Don Quixote
Ans: Correct chronological order - d, b, a, c
4. State whether the following sentences are True or False
i. Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times.
Ans: True
a) The Pilgrim’s Progress and Oroonoku
b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur
c) Pamela and Gulliver’s Travels
d) The Tale of Genji and Don Quixote
Ans: Correct chronological order - d, b, a, c
4. State whether the following sentences are True or False
i. Novel is recognized as the most dominant literary genre in modern times.
Ans: True
ii. A Novel is relatively a short narrative.
Ans: False
iii. ‘Tale of Genji’ is described as world’s first novel.
Ans: True
iv. Middle class people had a little interest in romances and tragedies.
Ans: True
v. Novel gave voice to the aspirations and longings of middle class.
Ans: True
vi. The women novelists haven’t contributed significantly in English
Literature.
Ans: False
vii. Novella is greater in length than Novel.
Ans: False
viii. Setting doesn’t affect plot or characters.
Ans: False
ix. The struggle in opposite forces in a story is called as conflict.
Ans: True
x. Epistolary Novel is a series of correspondence, other documents and
diary entries as well.
Ans: True
5. Match the following
i. Match essential elements of the novel in column A with relevant points in column B.
A B
1. Theme a) can be a thumbnail or deep detailed sketch
2. Plot b) the background of the story
3. Character c) philosophical statement, a central idea
4. Setting d) Course of the events
5. Match the following
i. Match essential elements of the novel in column A with relevant points in column B.
A B
1. Theme a) can be a thumbnail or deep detailed sketch
2. Plot b) the background of the story
3. Character c) philosophical statement, a central idea
4. Setting d) Course of the events
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-a, 4-b)
ii. Match the following
A B
1. Theme a) philosophical statement, a central idea
2. Plot b) the struggle in between opposite forces
3. Conflict c) techniques of the narration
4. Language, Style d) Course of the events
Ans: (1- a, 2- d, 3-b, 4-c)
A B
1. Theme a) philosophical statement, a central idea
2. Plot b) the struggle in between opposite forces
3. Conflict c) techniques of the narration
4. Language, Style d) Course of the events
Ans: (1- a, 2- d, 3-b, 4-c)
iii. Match the following
A B
1. Agatha Christie a) stream of consciousness
2. William James b) crime fiction
3. George Eliot c) science-based novels
4. Mary Shelly d) psychological novels
Ans: (1- b, 2- a, 3-d, 4-c)
A B
1. Agatha Christie a) stream of consciousness
2. William James b) crime fiction
3. George Eliot c) science-based novels
4. Mary Shelly d) psychological novels
Ans: (1- b, 2- a, 3-d, 4-c)
iv. Match the following
A B
1. Virginia Woolf a) gothic novels
2. Mary Shelly b) novel of manners
3. Frances Burney c) science-based novels
4. Ann Radcliffe d) stream of consciousness
Ans: (1- d, 2- c, 3-b, 4-a)
A B
1. Virginia Woolf a) gothic novels
2. Mary Shelly b) novel of manners
3. Frances Burney c) science-based novels
4. Ann Radcliffe d) stream of consciousness
Ans: (1- d, 2- c, 3-b, 4-a)
v. Match the following
A B
1. Rise of the middle-class = a)
18th century literature
2. The spirit of realism and = b) Industrial
Revolution
denial of romanticism
3. Novel and periodical
essay = c)
Stories of ideal love and adventures
4. The tales of Greek
romances = d) Novel
as a literary genre
Ans: (1- b, 2- a, 3-d, 4-c)vi. Match the following
A B
1. The flow of thoughts a)
Bildungsroman novel
2. The internal life of the
protagonist b) Stream of
Consciousness
3. The novel based on the
life c)
Psychological novel
of the author
4. The growth of
protagonist’s d) Autobiographical novel
mind, spirit and characters Ans: (1- b, 2- c, 3-d, 4-a)
vii. Match the following
A B
1. Daniel Defoe a) Gulliver’s Travels
2. Jonathan Swift b) Robinson Crusoe
3. Samuel Richardson c) The Pilgrim’s Progress
4. John Bunyan d) Pamela
Ans: (1- b, 2- a, 3-d, 4-c)
A B
1. Daniel Defoe a) Gulliver’s Travels
2. Jonathan Swift b) Robinson Crusoe
3. Samuel Richardson c) The Pilgrim’s Progress
4. John Bunyan d) Pamela
Ans: (1- b, 2- a, 3-d, 4-c)
viii. Match the following
A B
1. Picaresque Novel a) bears more than one layers of meaning.
2. Historical Novel b) speculative fiction
3. Allegorical Novel c) adventures of an eccentric protagonist
4. Utopian Novel d) set in an earlier period than of the writing.
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-a, 4-b)
A B
1. Picaresque Novel a) bears more than one layers of meaning.
2. Historical Novel b) speculative fiction
3. Allegorical Novel c) adventures of an eccentric protagonist
4. Utopian Novel d) set in an earlier period than of the writing.
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-a, 4-b)
ix. Match the following
A B
1. Thomas Mann a) The Heart of Darkness
2. John Steinbeck b) The Turn of the Screw
3. Henry James c) Death in Venice
4. Joseph Conrad d) Pearl
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-b, 4-a)
A B
1. Thomas Mann a) The Heart of Darkness
2. John Steinbeck b) The Turn of the Screw
3. Henry James c) Death in Venice
4. Joseph Conrad d) Pearl
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-b, 4-a)
x. Match the following
A B
1. Murasaki Shikibu a) Cervantes
2. Novella b) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
A B
1. Murasaki Shikibu a) Cervantes
2. Novella b) Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya
3. Don Quixote c) Tale of Genji
4. Rajmohan’s Wife d) New
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-a, 4-b)
4. Rajmohan’s Wife d) New
Ans: (1- c, 2- d, 3-a, 4-b)
Que.
A1. The two
major/prominent/popular/dominant literary forms of 18th century -
Ans:- The periodical essay and novel
A2. Novel -
* Definition of
Novel - a long narrative fiction in prose.
* The word ‘Novel’
is derived from the Italian word ‘Novella’-meaning ‘new’
* The earlier
threads of novel are found in Virgil’s-Eclogues, Malory’s Morte De Arthur and
Geoffrey
* Chaucer’s The
Canterbury Tales
* World’s first
novel—Tale Of Genji (1010) by Murasaki Shikibu
* European novel
begins with ‘Don Quixote’ by Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes
* Novel originated
as major literary form in England after 1740
A3. REASONS FOR
THE RISE OF NOVEL IN THE 18TH CENTURY -
1. Drama and poetry
were fading away in the 18th century
2. Appearance of
newspaper and magazines attracted readers from middle class
3. Middle class
readers had little interest in romances and tragedies
4. Expression of new
ideas of the 18th century
5. 18th century
literature was characterized by the spirit of realism and denial of Romantic
features like enthusiasm, passion and imagination.
A4. REASONS FOR
THE RISE OF NOVEL IN ENGLAND -
1. Increase in trade and commerce
2. Industrial revolution
3. Rise of middle class
4. Realistic picture of everyday life
and the problems of common people
5. Novel voiced/depicted the aspirations
of the middle and lower class
6. The spread of machines provided time
to educate middle class for reading and discussion
about books
A5. Famous
writers and their works/novels -
John Bunyan - The Pilgrim’s
Progress
Aphra Behn - Oroonoku
Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe, Mall
Flanders
Jonathan Swift -
Gulliver’s Travels
Samuel Richardson - Pamela OR Virtue
Rewarded, Clarissa ( These are epistolary novels)
A6. Some other
English novelists -
Charles Dickens, Walter Scott, Nathaniel Hawthorn,
Horace Walpole, Thomas Hardy, Willkie Collins, H.G. Wells
A7. 20th century
English novelists -
E.M. Forster, James Joyce, Joseph Conrad, Henry James,
George Orwell, Graham Greene, D.H. Lawrence, William Golding,
Anthony Burgess
A8. Immigrant
authors -
Salman Rushdie (India),
V.S. Naipaul (Trinidad),
Kazuo
Ishigura (Japan)
A9. Women
novelists and their works/books/novels –
Frances
Burney - Evelina (novel of manners)
Ann
Radcliffe - she wrote Gothic novels.
Mary Shelley
- Frankenstein (the first novel based on science and technology /science
fiction)
Bronte sisters =
a) Emily Bronte - The
Wuthering Heights
b)
Charlotte Bronte - Jane Eyre
Mary Ann
alias George Eliot - she wrote novels reflecting psychological insight.
Virginia
Woolf - pioneer of the stream of consciousness technique.
Agatha
Christie - wrote crime novels (Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple are her famous
detectives/ characters)
A10. Other women novelists –
Jane
Austen, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Harper Lee, Margaret Atwood
A11. Indian Novelists
Rajmohan’s
Wife’ by Bankimchandra Chattopadhyaya serialized in ‘The Indian Field’ was the
first novel in
English written by an Indian writer.
Nationalistic
virtues and social issues - main framework of Indian English novels.
A12. Some famous Indian novelists -
Mulkraj Anand, R.K. Narayan, Raja Rao,
Anita Desai, Nayantara Sehgal Arun
Joshi,
Manohar
Malgaonkar, Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth,
Upamanyu
Chatterjee, Salman Rushdie, Arvind Adiga,
Arundhati Roy, Kiran
Desai, Kiran Nagarkar
A13. Novella -
Definition
- a type of prose shorter than a full length novel and longer than short
stories. The word originated from
the Italian word ‘Novelle’.
A14. Characteristics/features of novella -
1) A
short narrative, satiric and realistic in tone
2) Focus
on one incident or issue
3) 1 or 2
main characters
4) Takes
place at a single tradition
A15. Examples of Novella -
Joseph
Conrad - ‘The Heart Of The Darkness’
Henry
James - ‘The Turn Of The Screw’
Herman
Melville - 'Billy Budd’
Thomas
Man - Death In Venice
Saul
Bellow - ‘Seize The Day’
John
Steinbeck - ‘Pearl’
A16. Six Elements of novel/novella -
1. Theme - central idea expressed in a nutshell. A
philosophical statement or a truth put
forth through the narration of events
2. Plot - a story or the course of events that make up
the theme. Plot may be simple (single
plot) or complex
(main plot and sub plots)
3. Character - related to plot and course of events take
place because of certain behaviour
of the characters
Types of characters-
a) major characters (Every aspect is described in detail)
b) minor
characters (are not given much importance)
Protagonist - The main character
Antagonist - Protagonist is in conflict with/struggles with/opposed to
the Antagonist.
Antagonist can be a character, an entity or a force(internal or external)
4. Setting - It is a background in which story takes
place
Aspects of setting - place,
period, time, climate or weather and lifestyle. plot and characters
are affected
by setting.
5. Conflict - The struggle between the opposite forces in
the story. Provides interest and
curiosity about plot
6. Language/Style - Language and techniques used by the
author for narration of the course
of events.
A17. Types of novel -
1. Realistic novel - gives the effect of realism, sometimes
called a novel of manners, gives
realistic picture of society/social class
2. Picaresque novel - The word originated from Spanish
word-‘picaro’, picaro means ‘a
rogue’, narrates adventures of an eccentric/disrepute
protagonist, it is
written in an episodic form.
3.
Historic novel - a novel set in a period earlier than that of the writing of
present novel.
4. Epistolary novel- the word ‘epistolary’ is derived
from the Latin word ‘epistola’, epistola
means ‘a letter’.
5. Gothic novel - a novel that includes terror, mystery, horror,
thriller, supernatural, doom,
death or decay or haunted buildings.
6. Autobiographical novel - a novel based on the life of
the author, it may be or may not be
in the first person narration
7. Allegorical novel - has more than one levels of
meaning, surface meaning is different
from symbolic meaning, it can be political, religious, historical
and
philosophical.
8. Utopian/Dystopian novel - it’s about ‘Utopia’ which
means an imaginary ideal
community or society e.g. science and speculative fiction.
9.
Psychological novel - treats the internal life of the protagonist.
10. Stream of consciousness novel - the phrase ' Stream
of consciousness novel’ was
coined by William James in his treatise ‘Principles
of Psychology’, (1890)
which means ‘flow of thoughts’, the novelist
narrates the incidents as they
enter the mind of the character.
11. Bildungsroman novel - The German word ‘bildungsroman’
means ‘growth’, it is about
the growth of the protagonist’s mind, spirit and character
from
childhood to adulthood.
A18. Pulp fiction -
A cult of ‘pulp
magazines’ became popular in the 1st half of the 20th century, printed on cheap paper, entertained
masses, provided ground for science fiction and detective novels
A19. Science fiction -
Speculative
fiction and deals with concepts like futuristic setting, futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, parallel
universe and extraterrestrial life and
consequences of scientific and other innovations.
A20. Detective fiction -
A
subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which a professional/an amateur detective investigates a crime/murder.
